Catherine Slopers Self-realization in Henry James Washington Square E

Catherine Sloper's Self-realization in Henry James' Washington Square In his essay, "Washington Square: A Study in the Growth of an Inner Self," James W. Gargano argues convincingly that the Henry James's novel, Washington Square, revolves around the emotional, psychological, and spiritual development of Catherine Sloper. With one small exception, Gargano makes his case so persuasively that it seems hard to believe that there could be any other view of Catherine and her role in the book. Yet, Gargano asserts that James scholars before him have persistently focused elsewhere leaving Catherine to be categorized much the same way her father characterizes her as dull and listless (Gargano 355, 357). Gargano rightly shifts the critical debate from fascination with the ethical conundrum of Dr. Sloper's behavior to concentration on the process of self-realization which takes place slowly and silently in Catherine's mind (Gargano 355). Finding proof of his thesis in the exacting way James investigates Catherine's growth, Gargano sees that James has purposely shown Catherine as innocent in the beginning of the story to demonstrate a contrast to who she becomes as she begins to wake up to herself as the story progresses, and contends that upon meeting Townsend, Catherine "emerg[es] from a sort of dormancy" (Gorgano 356). Gorgano astutely points out that meeting Townsend is not a horrible mishap in the life of Catherine Sloper, but an event which catalyzes the girl to mature in her thinking and feeling. Gargano pays special attention not only to Catherine's behavioral changes, but to the way James notes those changes as part of an inner process (Gargano 356). From her deceptive replies to her father's straight forward questions t... ...orsel of fancywork, [and] seat[ing] herself with it again-for life, as it were" imply an empty period of waiting for death (Gargano 362, James 219). This interpretation of the end of Washington Square is inconsistent with Gargano's earlier contentions, and should be re-examined. Another possible and significantly more powerful interpretation of the ending of the book-that James is showing Catherine as fully self-contained and ultimately satisfied with the choices that she has made-makes more sense. Despite his final reticence, the quality of his thinking and the quantity of his evidence suggest that James Gargano has a good understanding of Henry James's main artistic occupation in writing Washington Square. Works Cited Gargano, James W. "Washington Square: A Study in the growth of an Inner Self." James, Henry. Washington Square. New York: Signet, 1979.

How to Empower Employees Essay

In today’s marketplace it is more important than ever to implement employee empowerment policies in order to keep a competitive advantage. An empowered employee feels in control of their position, as well as a valued member of their organization. These employees have a sense of job enrichment which creates a more productive work environment for them, as well as their coworkers. Employee empowerment is a way to allot power in the company while raising productivity and creating job fulfillment in the organization. This helps to offer some valuable advantages to the organization and lowers the employee turnover rate (Korkmaz, 2012). There are many different ways a company can increase employee empowerment. A few important examples are by allowing for a large degree of autonomy, creating jobs with significance and areas for future advancement, giving and receiving employee feedback, and having a competitive benefit and compensation program for employees. These enrichment techniques will help to improve productivity, create higher employee morale, relieve some of the pressure on management, and help to recruit high-skilled individuals for employment (Gerhart, Hollenbeck, Noe, 2011). The most important technique with regards to employee enrichment is Autonomy, which is adding more freedom in the decision making ability an employee holds. This is a great way to empower an employee. Two examples of this would be giving an employee the ability to decide the best process for creating a project, rather than instructing them on definite steps to take. One may also receive the authority to handle customer complaints. These critical thinking practices will make an employee much more involved in their position, while helping to relieve management of the constant supervision of less important tasks (Hardrà © & Reeve, 2009). Another effective method would be creating a position which conveys a sense of importance, as well as having the possibility for promotion. This is a great way to create a long lasting relationship with an employee, while also encouraging them to strive for future advancement. Stressing the importance of the job at hand will motivate the employee, while giving them a greater sense of pride in the position they hold. This could be demonstrated by getting the employee involved in the bigger picture of what a company is trying to accomplish (Gerhart et al, 2011). Another technique with regards to employee enrichment is giving and receiving employee feedback. This action helps to motivate the employee by constructing positive reinforcement on the favorable aspects of their performance. This aids in guiding the employee with direct future expectations and goals, while also verbally rewarding them for their positive characteristics. This is a very motivating, yet cost effective technique that will benefit both the employee and the company. By also allowing the employee to give feedback regarding management and production, the employee gains a feeling that their opinion is meaningful and beneficial to the operations of the company(Harms & Roebuck, 2010). The last example for creating employee empowerment is to have a competitive benefit plan for employees. Along with some of the benefits included in a standard plan, some examples of benefits that empower employees could include letting an employee create their own schedule, giving extra time off for meeting certain requirements, and the ability to choose certain assignments over others. Other ways to empower employees through benefits would be to allow each member to pick and choose what benefits are right for them based on their specific lifestyles. (Gerhart et al, 2011). Empowering employees is an important aspect for any company. There are many enrichment techniques that can be implemented to improve productivity, raise employee morale, and recruit high skilled employees for future success. By applying these techniques, management gives their company the competitive advantage over the rest, while creating long lasting relationships with their employees. References Gerhart, B., Hollenbeck, J., Noe, R., Wright, P. (2011). Analyzing Work and Designing Jobs. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 95-116, 390-404. Hardrà ©, P. L., & Reeve, J. (2009). Training corporate managers to adopt a more autonomy-supportive motivating style toward employees: an intervention study. International Journal Of Training & Development, 13(3), 165-184. Harms, P. L., & Roebuck, D. (2010). Teaching the Art and Craft of Giving and Receiving Feedback. Business Communication Quarterly, 73(4), 413-431. Korkmaz, O. (2012). Differences in Employees’ Perception of Employee Empowerment Practices. European Journal Of Social Science, 34(1), 43-57.

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished - 1647 Words

Albert Einstein, a theoretical physicist and philosopher of science, once said, no problem can be solved with the same level of thinking that created it (Einstein). The intelligent man expressed his ideas clearly that if a killer kills someone and we also kill the killer then what would be the difference between us and the killer because we both are killers. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, 31 States in the United States allow the death penalty and 19 states do not allow the death penalty (â€Å"Deterrence†). The death penalty should be abolished in our society because it is not an effective crime deterrent, it puts a strain on our economy, it may result in the loss of innocent lives, and it is racial discrimination. Death Penalty brought to United States by Britain. When European colonists came to the new world, they brought the practice of Death Penalty. The first recorded execution in the new colonies was a Captain George Kendall in the Jamestown colony of Virginia in 1608. Kendall was executed for being a spy for Spain. In 1612, Virginia Governor Sir Thomas Dale enacted the Divine, Moral and Martial Laws, which provided the death penalty for even minor offenses such as stealing grapes, killing chickens, and trading with Indians (Part I†). The death penalty should be abolished because it does not reduce the crime rate, which means it will not scare anyone not do the crime. In fact, the death penalty may actually raise crime rates. According to the DeathShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1192 Words   |  5 PagesNo Death Penalty Capital crime is something that is meant for people that are found guilty of committing a serious crime, such as murder, rape, or theft. These are offences that should not be taken lightly but by killing the offender, the government is carrying about the action that they are trying to prevent. Also, the wrong person may be sentenced to death. After this person is executed, there is obviously nothing that can be done for the terrible mistake to be reversed. The death penalty shouldRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?. The Death Penalty982 Words   |  4 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty is a â€Å"term that applies to capital punishment and is the worst penalty given for committing a murder or an atrocious assault.† (Black s Law Dictionary). Death penalty has been a part of human society and is legally approved for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentencesRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1925 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract This paper explores five published articles that report on discussion on the very old and yet to answer question of whether the death penalty in the USA should be abolished? The articles, however, vary in their stand on death penalty. In all article it is very different on publisher stand. They discuss thing argument with their own way and vision of thinking. Adina Nicoleta (2011) has raised question for fair trial on the proceeding of the criminal cases. In other article Maestro MarcelloRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1534 Words   |  7 PagesIntro The death penalty gives humans in our legal system rights to decide who deserves to live, a power only God should possess. Capital Punishment takes away our rights as equals. From its origins, the death penalty has been an inhumane, costly, ineffective, and biased form of punishment that needs to be abolished granting everyone their right to live. History of the Death Penalty Down through history, the death penalty has been adapted to be justifiable in the eyes of the people. By alteringRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1523 Words   |  7 Pagescriminals has been performed by nearly every society to date. The death penalty came to the Americas when European settlers brought the idea of capitol punishment from Britain. The ideology behind taking someone’s life for crimes they have committed is a simple one. If a person commits a hennas crime such as murder or rape, they shall receive the death penalty. In more recent times we now see many countries abolishing the death penalty. The trend suggests that the capitol punishment policies still implementedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1306 Words   |  6 Pageschanged since the 17th century, so why not the age old penalty of death? Capital punishment in the United States is a highly debated topic. Arguments that want to get rid of this method of punishment usually mention th e many problems that capital punishment is plagued with. The death penalty has many issues that cannot be resolved, and since these issues can’t be solved, the death penalty should be abolished. â€Å"The irrevocable nature of the death penalty renders it an unsustainable and indefensible remedyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty is a very controversial topic in the United States. It is implemented for the purpose of providing safety to the community and bringing justice to victims and their families. The death penalty is legal in thirty-one states (â€Å"31 States†), and there are over forty different types of federal capital crimes that are eligible for the death penalty. These include crimes such as treason and kidnapping that results in murder (â€Å"41 Federal†). However, many argue whether the death penalty isRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished968 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year, thousands of lives are legally taken under the death penalty. Why should we take more lives than the ones that have already been taken? The death penalty is the punishment of execution, carried out legally against an individual convicted of a capital crime. Its proponents argue that the death penalty deters other criminals who may intend to commit similar crimes in the future. However, there is little statistical evidence to support this claim. Also, execution eliminates the criminalRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1350 Words   |  6 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty, also known as capital punishment is a legal procedure in which a state executes a person for crimes he/she has committed. This punishment has been used by many states, and is normally used for serious crimes, especially murder. It is also used on crimes against the state such as treason, crimes against humanity, espionage, and violent crimes while other states use it as part of military justice. There are mixed reactions on capital punishmentRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1443 Words   |  6 Pages 6 Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished in the United States? Adalynne Francis CRJU 1000 Dr. Huss November 14, 14 Should capital punishment/ death penalty be abolished in the United States? Many feel that the death penalty is immoral and question whether the state and federal government deserve the right to kill those whom it has imprisoned. On the other hand, those opposed feel that by not acting upon the death penalty communities would plunge in anarchy and that by

Technology and Happiness in Civilization and Its...

Technology and Happiness in Civilization and Its Discontents and Waiting for Godot Happiness is something most humans value above everything else. The various things in life that make us happy, such as family, friends, and cool cars, to name a few, are the very things we hold dearest to us and place the most value on. People fill their lives with things that please them to ease the gloom that comes as a result of the seemingly never-ending trials and tribulations of life. We gladly accept any amount of pleasure we can extract from the monotony of our daily lives, and we will do almost anything to achieve happiness. Throughout Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud talks about happiness-why we dont have it and how to†¦show more content†¦They do not feel comfortable without it. When this aggressive drive is repressed, man becomes unhappy. Another drive is the sexual drive, or Eros. Civilization suppresses this drive in much the same way as it suppresses the aggressive drive, and this leads to more unhappiness. Freud also claims that technological advancements in society are counterproductive. The disadvantages of technology are not too far behind the advantages of technology. On page 40, Freud offers a perfect example of the relationship between the advantages and disadvantages of technology when he says, If there had been no railway to conquer distances, my child would never have left his native town and I should need no telephone to hear his voice. It is thrilling that we are able to travel long distances because of railroads, but this easy mode of transportation makes it simpler for a person to leave his/her family and go to a new and exciting place. So we invent the telephone so we are able to talk to distant family members, but that is never as good as having a conversation with them sitting right beside you. The technological advances of a society are meant to further peoples happiness, but in reality they do nothing more than get in the way of that happiness. One of Freuds suggestions for finding happiness was forming relationships with other individuals. He believed in

The Greatest And Influential Musical Acts Of All Time

Psychologist and Writer Timothy Leary once famously said, I declare that the Beatles are mutants. Prototypes of evolutionary agents sent by God, endowed with a mysterious power to create a new human species, a young race of laughing freemen. , and I completely agree as does most of history. The Beatles were one of the greatest and influential musical acts of all time. They were one of very few artist to have multiple songs on the Billboard 100 in the top 10 and are the only artist to sell over 1 billion records. During their 10 year legendary run, the group went through many changes, whether it be multiple â€Å"Fifth Beatles†, classical and â€Å"traditional† clean cut young Brits straight out of Liverpool to scruffy hipsters prospering in America, or their break up thanks to a certain Japanese-American woman, that cemented her legacy as a scapegoat in the 1970s. Paul McCartney, John Lennon, Ringo Starr, George Harrison changed the way people looked at British musici ans and music in America in the 60s. In late 1957, John Lennon lead a band called The Blackjacks when he was at the tender age of 16. Months after their formation, Lennon met Paul McCartney who was a fresh 15 years old around the time. After he and Lennon realized the chemistry artistically between them , the two agreed for McCartney to be the band’s newly placed rhythm guitarist. The two along with their other bandmates began to achieve success in their local Liverpool, England back yard. McCartney then told hisShow MoreRelatedThe Beatles, The Musical Hair And Pink Floyd1491 Words   |  6 PagesCommercial success and true ‘artistry’ or creativity seem to be contradict with each other. However, I don’t agree this statement and it’s not correct at all. I’m going to use the Beatles, the musical Hair and Pink Floyd as examples (as they gained success in both aspects) to explain how these two elements can coexist in the following essay. The Beatles are originated in Liverpool in 1960, and become the iconic figure of the city and the British pop music (Britpop). As one of the most popularRead MoreCoffee Beignets1408 Words   |  6 Pagesproven when looking at the creation of multiple musical genres including jazz. Most notably, Dixieland Jazz or New Orleans style jazz took root in the city throughout the early 20th century. Throughout this period, many artists began to implement this new style of music that derived ultimately from the roots of jazz. In this, New Orleans became an incubator for an expansive and igniting fuse in the music industry and set the stage for one of the greatest African American jazz musicians: Louis ArmstrongRead MoreHendrix and Vietnam1205 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study: Jimi Hendrix This essay looks at musician Jimi Hendrixs musical reactions to the American involvement in the Vietnam War. This research has taken place as part of a larger piece of work examining the links between the Vietnam War and Music in the U.S.A. US troops became officially involved in the war from 1965 and didnt withdraw until 1973 following the signing of the Paris Peace Accords. During this time 58,226 US troops were killed and 153,303 were wounded. Public opinion inRead MoreAnalysis Of Gerald Finzi s Beethoven Symphony Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesFinzi’s work. Compositions Subsequently, Gerald Finzi’s musical compositions gathered much fame, but in a rare storyline. Throughout his life, only two of Finzi’s pieces were physically made. Dies natalis, and White-flowering days are the pieces Finzi composed. Furthermore, he was not encouraged to record his compositions, he was only interactive in conducting his own music in concerts and broadcasts. During the 1939-1945 war, his musical talent was surpassed for the moment being. Finzi continuedRead MoreEssay on Ethics Case Study1554 Words   |  7 Pagesframeworks that have been use to provide my final recommendations for this scenario are Consequentialism, Non-Consequentialism, Virtue Ethics and Care Ethics. Consequentialism is an action-based decision making framework which determines whether an act is right or wrong based on the consequences that occur from them. Decisions are considered to be effective when the negative consequences are eliminated or minimised (Baron, Pettit Slote, 1997; Burgh, 2006). Egoism, Altruism and Utilitarianism areRead MoreDizzy Gillespie Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesmost influential and innovative jazz musicians of all times. Every note played with his trumpet captivated a legion of devout followers from all different age demographics and cultural backgrounds. Only Miles Davis and Louis Armstrong can tread the waters of his talent and his ever-growing legend, which was propelled by his revolutionary style. The Bebop revolution would have been a real yawner without notable Dizzy Gillespie tracks and stunning collaborations with top artists from the time periodRead MoreRock And Roll Has Made A Big Impact On The World1380 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning of this era. This type of genre is one of the most influential music’s. This music is the genre that brought people together, but also made people think. Rock and Roll brought out a type of persona and a feel, in which people received when this genre was the new â€Å"big† thing. There were a few bands, such as the Beatles and The Rolling Stones that brought the true feel and meaning of Rock and Roll. The Beatles were one of the most influential bands that brought the great unanimous sound and lookRead MoreModern Dance : Classical Dance1659 Words   |  7 Pagesthe learning of young dancer going beyond and rebelling against their elders. Throughout the 1920’s dance was prominent in musicals, Broadway shows and ballroom, exhibits. This is turn began the independent advances of early modern dance, in both Germany and on the east and west coasts of America. Similarly, both nations did not have significant ballet companies at the time. Many events influenced the ad vance of modern dance. The support for the labour movement and treatment of workers in the UnitedRead MoreThe Death Of The Late Prince851 Words   |  4 Pagesdeath. 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There is no controversy about Alexander’s military genius and Burn says ‘no soldier in history is more indisputably â€Å"great† than Alexander.† He started, of course, with the advantage of Philip s army and he did

Ration Analysis of Marshall Motor PLC-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are supposed to take a public company and write up a financial statement analysis focusing on interpretating key financial data. You need to incorporate into your assignment at least the following ratios: - current ratio, - quick ratio, - return on asset and equity, - debt ratio, - basic earning power and market to book value. Answer: Introduction: Analysis over financial statements of a company is crucial; for all the stakeholders of the company. This analysis assists a stakeholder to make a better decision regarding the performance and the position of the company. Through this analysis, it has been found that the various tactics are available for the financial statement analyst to perform a better study over the financial statement of the company. In this report, ratio analysis study has been performed over the MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC to analyze the performance of the company and for better analysis, competitive company which is LOOKERS PLC also have been analyzed. Company overview: MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC is an international company which has its branches and subsidiary companies in around 27 countries. Further, it has been analyzed that the position of the company has been enhanced due to various changes into the financial position of the company. This company is operating its business in automotive industry. The main competition of the company is from LOOKERS PLC. This company designs and transports the commercial and public vehicle in the market (Home, 2017). Currently, this company has a contract with 25 brands of supplying their vehicles in the market. For this report, ratio analysis study has been performed over MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC and LOOKERS PLC to make a better analysis study over the financial performance and the position of the company. Further, the recommendation and conclusion has been given according to the analysis over ratio analysis of both the companies. Ratio analysis: Ratio analysis is a method of financial analysis which depict about the position of a company on various level such as profitability position, solvency position, efficiency position, liquidity position etc. (Hansen, Mowen Madison, 2010). Following are the ratio analysis study of MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC: Description Formula Marshall Holdings plc 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Profitability Net margin Net profit/revenues 0.93% 0.95% 0.92% 0.82% 0.42% Return on equity Net profit/Equity 12.19% 9.02% 15.03% 12.74% 5.91% Liquidity Current ratio Current assets/current liabilities 0.81 1.06 0.95 1.01 1.01 Quick Ratio Current assets-Inventory/current liabilities 0.16 0.23 0.30 0.37 0.30 Efficiency Receivables collection period Receivables/ Total sales*365 16.27 11.31 23.63 29.08 19.89 Payables collection period Payables/ Cost of sales*365 108.12 71.29 84.22 80.60 66.99 Asset turnover ratio Total sales/ Total assets 2.37 2.71 3.07 3.05 3.27 Solvency Debt to Equity Ratio Debt/ Equity 4.50 2.50 4.34 4.07 3.35 Debt to assets Debt/ Total assets 0.82 0.71 0.81 0.80 0.77 Return on assets Net profit / Assets 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 Return on equity Net Profit/ Equity 0.12 0.09 0.15 0.13 0.06 P/E ratio Market value per share / dividend 669.57 Market to Book value Market value per share / Book value per share 1.03 Basic Earnings Power 0.23 0.20 0.13 0.10 0.04 (Horngren, 2009) Through this analysis, it has been found that the position and the performance of the company have been better in comparison of last 5 years. Further, for analyzing the performance in a better way, ratio analysis study has been performed over the LOOKERS PLC: Description Formula Lookers Plc 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Profitability Net margin Net profit/revenues 1.99% 1.39% 1.54% 1.46% 1.31% Return on equity Net profit/Equity 23.79% 17.06% 18.22% 15.84% 13.28% Liquidity Current ratio Current assets/current liabilities 1.04 1.05 1.09 1.08 1.09 Quick Ratio Current assets-Inventory/current liabilities 0.29 0.30 0.33 0.35 0.34 Efficiency Receivables collection period Receivables/ Total sales*365 23.78 30.15 25.74 28.07 26.69 Payables collection period Payables/ Cost of sales*365 26.75 30.34 26.66 29.49 30.52 Asset turnover ratio Total sales/ Total assets 2.39 2.30 2.71 2.59 2.47 Solvency Debt to Equity Ratio Debt/ Equity 4.00 4.32 3.36 3.19 3.09 Debt to assets Debt/ Total assets 0.80 0.81 0.77 0.76 0.76 Return on assets Net profit / Assets 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 Return on equity Net Profit/ Equity 0.24 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.13 P/E ratio Market value per share / dividend 488.10 Market to Book value Market value per share / Book value per share 1.03 Basic Earnings Power 0.21 0.13 0.12 0.09 0.07 (Kinsky, 2011) Through the study over both the companies, it has been found that the liquidity position of LOOKERS PLC is way better than the performance of the MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC. Through the analysis, it has also been found that the current ratio and quick ratio of the company is 0.18 and 0.16 whereas the LOOKERS PLC has 1.04 and 0.29 current ratio and quick ratio (Elton, Gruber, Brown Goetzmann, 2009). This depict that the MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC is required to manage the position in a better way. Further, the net profit and return on equity has also been analyzed over the MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC. Through the analysis, it has also been found that the net profit and return on equity of the company is 0.93% and 12.19% whereas the LOOKERS PLC has 1.99% and 23.79% net profit and return on equity (London stock exchange, 2017). This depict that the MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC is required to manage the position in a better way. Further, the efficiency position of the company has been analyzed over the MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC. Through the analysis, it has also been found that the receivable collection period, payment payable days of the company is 16.27 days and 108.12 days whereas the LOOKERS PLC has 23.78 days and 26.75 days (Morningstar, 2017). This depict that the performance of MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC is bit better than LOOKERS PLC to manage the cash position of the company. Lastly, the debt, equity and asset position of the company has been analyzed over the MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC. Through the analysis, it has also been found that the return on assets, return on equity and Profit earnings ratio of the company is 0.02, 0.12 and 669.57 whereas the LOOKERS PLC has 0.05, 0.24 and 488.10 (Morningstar, 2017). Market to book value of the company has also been analyzed and it has been found that the value of MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC is way better. This depict that the performance of MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC is quite bad than LOOKERS PLC to manage the capital structure position of the company. Further, through the above analysis, it has been found that the position of the company in the market is bit better (Baker Nofsinger, 2010). But for becoming the best and leader in the market, company is required to make various changes into the position and the performance of the company. Conclusion: Through the above study, it has been found that the financial analysis of MARSHALL MOTOR HOLDINGS PLC depicts that various changes have taken place into the stability and profitability position in last 5 years. Further, it has also been found that the position of the company in the market is bit better. This company is one of the largest companies in automotive industry. But the analysis over LOOKERS PLC depict that this company has managed the better performance of the financial data of the company. But for becoming the best and leader in the market, company is required to make various changes into the position and the performance of the company. References: London stock exchange. (2017). Marshall Motor holdings plc. Retrieved from https://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-markets/stocks/summary/company-summary/GB00BVYB2Q58GBGBXASQ1.html available as on 26th Nov 2017 Morningstar. (2017). Marshall Motor holdings plc. Retrieved from https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=MSLH available as on 26th Nov 2017 Lookers plc. (2017). Home. Retrieved from https://www.lookersplc.com/ available as on 26th Nov 2017 Morningstar. (2017). Lookers plc. Retrieved from https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=LO6A available as on 26th Nov 2017 Baker, H.K. Nofsinger, J.R. (2010). Behavioral Finance: Investors, Corporations, and Markets. John Wiley and Sons. Elton, E.J., Gruber, M.J., Brown, S.J., Goetzmann, W.N. (2009). Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis. John Wiley and Sons. Hansen, D. R., Mowen, M. M. Madison, T. (2010). Cornerstones of cost accounting.Issues in Accounting Education,25(4), 790-791. Horngren, C. T. (2009).Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis, 13/e. Pearson Education India. Kinsky, R. (2011). Charting Made Simple: A Beginner's Guide to Technical Analysis. John Wiley and Sons.

Language acquisition How do we learn to speak our first and second languages

Importance of stages in learning the first and second languages According to Xing (110), â€Å"Language acquisition is a process through which language is perceived and attained for use in communication†. When one has acquired a language, the individual can use that language to make words. Several mechanisms take place when a person is learning a language (Igram 30). This accounts for the complexity of the learning process. Researchers have often disagreed on the value of stages especially in the acquisition of a second language.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Language acquisition: How do we learn to speak our first and second languages? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The question that this essay will be seeking to answer is: Must the learners of a first and second language go through all the stages of language acquisition? This paper examines the importance of stages in language acquisition. T hese stages are important because they signify progress in the learning process and help the learner to have orderliness in mastering various rules in the language. When certain stages are missed, the learner may never be able to master certain things in a language (Bylund, Nyclas and Hyltenstam, 44). It is therefore very important to study these stages. Every stage of language acquisition is important for acquiring the first and second languages. Importance of stages in language acquisition Children pass through many stages before they master their native language. Each of these stages forms the foundation on which the next stage will rest. Each stage is therefore very critical because the success of the child at any one stage depends on the success made in the previous stages. Learning the first language through stages is the only successful way to mastering the language. Ingram (53) argues that, â€Å"acquisition of the first language has a critical period†. This can be un derstood as an important stage in which the baby needs exposure to language for normal acquisition of language to take place. If this stage is by passed, the baby may never acquire the language in a normal way because it is one of the many stages involved in learning a language (Xing, Dedrick, Troy and Kofi, 113). The initial stage is cooing. Every baby sounds like the other in this stage regardless of their native language or place of residence. Passing through this stage gives the baby a chance to practice using the voice box before beginning to learn any language. According to Ingram (116), this stage forms the foundation for speech. Whenever the second stage sets in, the coos begin to take up the vowels present in the native language of the baby. The babies start sounding differently from each other and the journey to speaking their native languages begins. This is an important stage because it determines the point at which the baby picks up a particular native language. In the third stage the babies start producing full words. They can make utterances using one word made of nouns.Advertising Looking for research paper on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The babies move on to sentences with two words made up of a combination of a verb and a noun. Longer utterances with three words or more are made with time as the babies learn the first language. The babies make utterances with adjectives followed by adverbs when they have mastered the language to an advanced level (Xing 150). Cooing is important because it forms a foundation for language formation. Following the stages allows the learner to have an orderly and systematic grasp of the rules and commands of a language. Many people get a lot of difficulties while trying to learn a second language. These difficulties are even more complex when one fails to follow particular stages of acquiring a second language. Every language has a system com prising of rules governing the arrangement of sounds to form patterns of speech that have a meaning. Words need to be in a certain particular order to form an understandable sentence. People trying to acquire a second language go through the same processes they went through when learning their first language (Quentin, Jing, Shin, Jee-Young, Shuang, Su, Jung-Hsuan, Burgess-Bringham, Gazer, Unal and Snow, 67). According to Bylund et al (87), â€Å"every stage has bigger challenges than the previous one and so the learner is prepared for the new challenge†. Learning a second language for example, is a process comprising of the pre-production stage, early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency and advanced fluency. In the pre-production stage, learners can have a receptive vocabulary of five hundred words although they don’t speak. Learners need the language to be repeated to them (Krech and Healy, 24). They understand gestures and certain movements. The early production stage takes about 6 months and learners may have 1000 words of passive as well as active vocabulary. This stage is important since it forms the foundation for the next stage. Stages signify progress in learning. For example, the third stage of second language acquisition is called speech emergence. Learners have about three thousand words in their vocabulary and may use simply constructed sentences in communication. They are able to ask grammatical or ungrammatical questions and can follow easy stories. In the fourth stage of intermediate fluency, learners have approximately six thousand active words and can speak and write complex sentences. Quentin et al (13), note that â€Å"the learner may apply strategies from his native language to acquire content in the new language†. In writing, the learners make many mistakes but they can understand complex concepts. The final stage in second language acquisition is advanced fluency.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Language acquisition: How do we learn to speak our first and second languages? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Learners can take between 4 and 10 years to gain proficiency in their second language. This is progressive learning and the teacher has easy time to teach the language because he can identify successes and failures through these stages (Rui 120). Stages therefore show that the learner is growing in his or her knowledge of the language being acquired. Some researchers argue that language can be acquired without the necessity of systematic stages. Such people overlook the fact that the brain itself is made in a manner that it masters things in an orderly way from the easier ones to the more complex ones ( Ingram 67). Failure to follow any order in learning can cause confusion in the learners. Conclusion The essay has presented an argument over the necessity of language acquisition stages for learning t he first and second languages. The stages involved in language acquisition are very important because one can only master a language well if he goes through these stages. One stage forms the foundation for the next stage, stages help the learner to master the rules of the language systematically and prepare the learner for the next stage. Stages also indicate progress in learning. The stages of language acquisition are therefore very important to the entire process. More research should be done on what happens to learners when they are unable to master certain specific stages in language acquisition. Works Cited Bylund, Emmanuel, A. Nyclas and K. Hyltenstam. â€Å"Does First Language Hamper Nativelikeness in Second Language?† Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 3.2 (2012): 13-17. Searchable Proficiency Database. Web. Ingram, David. â€Å"First Language acquisition: Method, Description and Explanation.† Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Google Scholar. We b. Krech, Thomas and A. Healy. â€Å"A Comparison of Rereading Benefits in First and Second Language Reading.† Language Learning; Journal of research in language studies 62.1 (2012): 10-21. ESF Database. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quentin, Dixob, Jing Zhao, Jee-Young Shin, Shuang Wu, Jung-Hsuan Su, Gazer Burgess-Bringham, Unal Melike and Catherine Snow. â€Å"What we know About Second Language Acquisition: A Synthesis from Four Perspectives.† Language 3.6 (2012): 2-6 Academic Search Complete. Web. Rui, Chen. A brief Study on Second language Acquisition and Web Based English Teaching. E-business 3.6 (2011): 1-3. IEEE Xplore digital library. Web. Xing, Tony, Robert Dedrick, Troy Locker and Kofi Marfo. â€Å"Second-first Language Acquisition: Analysis of Expressive Language Skills in a sample of girls Adopted from China.† Conference Feb. 2012. CINAHL with Full Text. Web. This research paper on Language acquisition: How do we learn to speak our first and second languages? was written and submitted by user Kourtney Madden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.